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The purpose of the Department of Community Development was to promote the housing and settlement of all the different population groups in the country and the development of sound communities, and to remove, by means of slum clearance and urban renewal, poor conditions impeding proper community development.

The functions of the Department included: professional and technical planning of and control over housing programmes for the National Housing Commission and the Community Development Board; settlement and development of communities and provision of alternative facilities; activation of and assistance to local authorities to provide housing in terms of the Slums Act, 1934, and the Housing Act, 1966, and to develop areas for specific population groups with or without financial assistance from the Department, buying, selling and letting properties within the framework of the activities of the Department; renewal and replanning of depressed urban areas; provision and maintenance of official quarters for certain public servants; administration of the housing loan plan for public servants, of the Slums Clearance Act, and the Rents Act, of government villages, and of permits in terms of the Group Areas Act, 1966, in respect of proclaimed group areas.

There were eight regional offices in South Africa - in Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Kimberley, Pietermaritzburg, Pretoria and Port Elizabeth.

The purpose of the Department of Community Development was to promote the housing and settlement of all the different population groups in the country and the development of sound communities, and to remove, by means of slum clearance and urban renewal, poor conditions impeding proper community development.

The functions of the Department included: professional and technical planning of and control over housing programmes for the National Housing Commission and the Community Development Board; settlement and development of communities and provision of alternative facilities; activation of and assistance to local authorities to provide housing in terms of the Slums Act, 1934, and the Housing Act, 1966, and to develop areas for specific population groups with or without financial assistance from the Department, buying, selling and letting properties within the framework of the activities of the Department; renewal and replanning of depressed urban areas; provision and maintenance of official quarters for certain public servants; administration of the housing loan plan for public servants, of the Slums Clearance Act, and the Rents Act, of government villages, and of permits in terms of the Group Areas Act, 1966, in respect of proclaimed group areas.

There were eight regional offices in South Africa - in Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Kimberley, Pietermaritzburg, Pretoria and Port Elizabeth.

The Bantu Education Act 1953 (Act No 47 of 1953, later renamed the Black Education Act, 1953) was a South African segregation law that legislated for several aspects of the apartheid system. Its major provision enforced racially-separated educational facilities. Even universities were made "tribal", and all but three missionary schools chose to close down when the government would no longer help to support their schools. Very few authorities continued using their own finances to support education for native Africans. In 1959, that type of education was extended to "non-white" universities and colleges with the Extension of University Education Act, and the University College of Fort Hare was taken over by the government and degraded to being part of the Bantu education system. It is often argued that the policy of Bantu (African) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market although Hendrik Verwoerd, the Minister of Native Affairs, claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa's "ethnic problems" by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic groups.

The Act led to a substantial increase of government funding to the learning institutions of black Africans, but they did not keep up with the population increase. The law forced institutions to be under the direct control of the state. The National Party now had the power to employ and train teachers as it saw fit.

Black teachers' salaries in 1953 were extremely low and resulted in a dramatic drop of trainee teachers. Only one third of the black teachers were qualified.

The schools reserved for the country's white children were of Western standards. The Act did not stipulate lesser standards of education for non-whites, but it legislated for the establishment of an advisory board and directed the minister to do so. Of the black schools, 30% of had no electricity, 25% had no running water and more than half had no plumbing. Education for Blacks, Indians and Coloureds was substantially cheaper but not free, and the salaries of teachers were set at very low levels.

In the 1970s, the per capita governmental spending on black education was one-tenth of the spending on white.

In 1976, the Afrikaans Medium Decree of 1974, which forced all black schools to use both Afrikaans and English as languages of instruction from the last year of primary school, led to the Soweto Uprising in which more than 575 people died, at least 134 of them under the age of 18.

The Act was repealed in 1979 by the Education and the Training Act of 1979, which continued the system of racially-segregated education but also eliminating both discrimination in tuition fees and the segregated Department of Bantu Education and allowed both the use of native tongue education until the fourth grade and a limited attendance at private schools as well.

Segregation became unconstitutional after the introduction of the Interim Constitution in 1994, and most sections of the Education and Training Act were repealed by the South African Schools Act, 1996. The Bantu Education Act created a separate inferior education system for black students. The purpose of this act was to make sure that black South Africans would only ever be able to work as unskilled and semi-skilled labourers, even if they were intelligent enough to become skilled.

The Namaqua West Coast doesn’t get much rain, but it is among one of South Africa’s thriving agricultural regions thanks to an incredible network of canals, hundreds of kilometres in length. The construction represents a historic and engineering feat known as the Olifants River Irrigation Scheme and is the country’s oldest. The scheme’s open concrete canals transport water throughout the region. They start at the Bulshoek and Clanwilliam dams. The scheme was formally established in 1911, but has a history that goes back to the middle of the 19th century. Initially comprising hand-dug trenches, the canals were later solidified with concrete - a job that Italian POWs were engaged in during World War 2. Amazingly, there is not a single pump along the entire course of the canals. Like the Roman aqueducts, water flows from its source to dams spread across the region, by gravitation only.

The canal is the life-blood of an agricultural and industrial sector that creates thousands of jobs and is a substantial tax contributor to the South African economy.

The irrigation scheme visible across the Namaqua West Coast is 321km in length and comprises a central canal of 261 km with 11 branches. It supplies 26 000m³ of water per hour, for irrigation to 680 farmers, municipal drinking water to towns, and industrial processes to major companies.